Science Today

A study conducted by researchers at the RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS) has shed light on the genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). They found that a particular type of genetic mutation contributes to ASD differently than typical mutations. By analyzing mutations in the genomes of individuals and their families, the researchers discovered that the three-dimensional structure of the genome can cause mutations to affect neighboring genes associated with ASD, even without mutations in ASD-related genes. The study was published in the scientific journal Cell Genomics on January 26. ASD is a group of conditions characterized by repetitive behaviors and social interaction difficulties. Although the condition runs in families, its heritability is complex and only partially understood. According to studies, the high heritability cannot be explained by merely looking at the part of the genome responsible for protein coding. Instead, the answer could lie in the non-coding regions of t...

Boy With 5 Chambered Heart

The doctors of the cardiological center in the Kemerovo region were shocked when they made ultrasonic examination and saw the heart of a newborn baby Vanya Maryin. He was born with a 5-chamber heart. Only bees have such heart constitution. Funny enough the ‘bee-boy’, as doctors called him, comes from the beekeeper’s family. The family remembers a wonderful inherited bee yard that Vanya’s grandfather held, and his wife that ran the ‘bee-business’ after his death. Her bees produced the best honey in the district. Vanya was born not with 2 atriums like all the people on the Earth, but with an additional - third one. He could die anytime from a sudden push, fright or even happiness. But the body, adjusting to an unusual 5-chamber ‘bee-heart’, suggested the boy a saving, optimal ‘pose for life’. Another interesting read related to this story ‘The boy’s heart had 5 chambers instead of 4. Usually the heart consists of the right atrium and the right ventricle, the left atrium and the left ...

Rethinking Cannabis: Unlocking the Genetic Blueprint of an Ancient Powerhouse

Cannabis has played a critical role in human societies for over ten millennia. Although contemporary attention often centers on its psychoactive component, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), historically this plant served as an essential source of seed oil, textiles, and nourishment. Despite its longstanding significance, cannabis remains relatively underexplored and underexploited in modern agriculture. Recent legislative changes in the United States—most notably the 2014 and 2018 Farm Bills—have spurred renewed interest in cultivating cannabis for medicinal, grain, and fiber purposes. A team at the Salk Institute has now produced the most exhaustive and precise genetic atlas of cannabis to date. By examining 193 distinct cannabis genomes, researchers uncovered remarkable genetic diversity and complexity within this foundational crop. This collaborative effort involved Oregon CBD, Oregon State University, and the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, and culminated in findings published i...

Understanding the Complex Interplay: Dementia and Genetic Changes

Introduction: Dementia is a challenging and multifaceted condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. As our understanding of the factors contributing to dementia expands, one crucial aspect gaining attention is the role of genetic changes. This blog post aims to explore the intricate relationship between dementia and genetic factors, shedding light on the complexities of this neurological disorder. I. The Genetic Landscape of Dementia: Dementia encompasses a range of cognitive disorders, with Alzheimer's disease being the most prevalent form. While environmental factors and lifestyle choices play a role in dementia development, genetic changes are increasingly recognized as significant contributors. A. Familial Patterns: Research has identified certain familial patterns in dementia, indicating a genetic predisposition for some individuals. Families with a history of dementia may carry specific gene variants that increase the risk of developing the condition. Understan...

Unraveling the Mysteries: Exploring New Genetic Variants Related to Dementia

Introduction: Dementia, a debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide, has long been a subject of intense research. Scientists and researchers have tirelessly worked towards understanding its underlying causes, and recent breakthroughs in genetics have brought forth new hope. This blog post delves into the latest discoveries surrounding genetic variants linked to dementia, shedding light on the potential implications for both diagnosis and treatment. The Human Genome Project and Beyond: Advancements in genetic research, particularly since the completion of the Human Genome Project, have paved the way for a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between genes and various health conditions, including dementia. The identification of specific genetic variants associated with an increased risk of developing dementia has become a pivotal focus. Key Genetic Variants: Recent studies have unveiled several genetic variants implicated in the onset and progression of dementia. ...

Traumatic brain injury and dementia: A Missing link

Although much research has examined traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a possible risk factor for later life dementia from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known regarding how TBI influences the rate of age-related cognitive change. A new study now shows that history of TBI (with loss of consciousness) does not appear to affect the rate of cognitive change over time for participants with normal cognition or even those with AD dementia. More than 10 million individuals worldwide are affected annually by TBI, however the true prevalence is likely even greater given that a majority of TBIs are mild in severity and may not be recognized or reported. TBI is a major public health and socioeconomic concern resulting in $11.5 billion in direct medical costs and $64.8 billion in indirect costs to the U.S. health system in 2010 alone. According to the researchers the relationship between TBI and long-term cognitive trajectories remains poorly understood...

Autism and Eye Contact: Genes very much are involved

We have now a lot of evidence on genetic components in many disorders including neurological in both adults and kids. Autism is one such problem that has many genes involved. Research is still in full swing to find more genes and related pathways. However, one can find autistic features more phenotypically before genotyping. Eye contact is one of them. Studies have shown that autistic kids make less eye contact. This has been shown to have genetic component now. New research has uncovered compelling evidence that genetics plays a major role in how children look at the world and whether they have a preference for gazing at people's eyes and faces or at objects. The discovery by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta adds new detail to understanding the causes of autism spectrum disorder. The results show that the moment-to-moment movements of children's eyes as they seek visual information about the...

Atmosphere Getting Carbon 10 Times Faster Than Before

The rate of release of carbon into the atmosphere today is nearly 10 times as fast as during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), 55.9 million years ago, the best analog we have for current global warming, according to an international team of geologists. Rate matters and this current rapid change may not allow sufficient time for the biological environment to adjust. "We looked at the PETM because it is thought to be the best ancient analog for future climate change caused by fossil fuel burning," said Lee R. Kump, professor of geosciences, Penn State. However, the researchers note in the current issue of Nature Geoscience, that the source of the carbon, the rate of emission and the total amount of carbon involved in this event during the PETM are poorly characterized. Investigations of the PETM are usually done using core samples from areas that were deep sea bottom 55.9 million years ago. These cores contain layers of calcium carbonate from marine animals that c...

Turning Neural Signals On And Off

Scientists have developed a way to turn memories on and off -- literally with the flip of a switch. Using an electronic system that duplicates the neural signals associated with memory, they managed to replicate the brain function in rats associated with long-term learned behavior, even when the rats had been drugged to forget. "Flip the switch on, and the rats remember. Flip it off, and the rats forget," said Theodore Berger of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Berger is the lead author of an article that will be published in the Journal of Neural Engineering. His team worked with scientists from Wake Forest University in the study, building on recent advances in our understanding of the brain area known as the hippocampus and its role in learning. In the experiment, the researchers had rats learn a task, pressing one lever rather than another to receive a reward. Using embedded electrical probes, the experimental research ...

Cloned Seeds: A Major breakthrough In Plant Breeding

Plants have for the first time been cloned as seeds. The research by a UC Davis plant scientists and their international collaborators, published Feb. 18 in the journal Science, is a major step towards making hybrid crop plants that can retain favorable traits from generation to generation. Most successful crop varieties are hybrids, said Simon Chan, assistant professor of plant biology at UC Davis and an author of the paper. But when hybrids go through sexual reproduction, their traits, such as fruit size or frost resistance, get scrambled and may be lost. Courtesy: Richie "We're trying to make a hybrid that breeds true," Chan said, so that plants grown from the seed would be genetically identical to one parent. Some plants, especially fruit trees, can be cloned from cuttings, but this approach is impractical for most crops. Other plants, especially weeds such as hawkweed and dandelions, can produce true seeds that are clones of themselves without sexual reproductio...

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